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What Is Green Mobility? Green Mobility develops corporate programmes to reduce commute trips in cities by private motor vehicles. This does not just reduce traffic congestion but also improves public transportation systems and the quality of life. Sustainable transportation options can help to reduce the impact of climate change and air pollution, and can also be used to promote an active lifestyle to reap health benefits. Green mobility includes: Policy Interventions A variety of policy instruments can aid in green mobility. The first type of policy is spatial policies that aim to reduce urban car traffic while encouraging the utilization of sustainable modes of transportation. These tend to be small-scale interventions (e.g. restrictions on parking spaces, speed limits or the use of bicycle lanes) and offer a lot of degree of flexibility, since they can be adapted to local conditions. Another set of instruments for policy is designed to change the modal nature of travel by encouraging alternative fuels and vehicle technologies (e.g. electric vehicles) or by promoting the sharing of vehicles and routes. These policies can also include measures that increase the accessibility of public transport services, for instance through financial incentives or increased mobility options. The promotion of green mobility could also involve changes in the business model in terms of economic development, land-use planning. This requires political commitment, and a high level of coordination between sectors. Additionally, it is important to consider that a shift from conventional to green mobility will require a large and fair shift. For example in cities that have an emphasis on high-value employment fields like business service and information and communication technology, the growth of green mobility may lead to increased access for neighborhoods of middle and upper class and reduce the number of jobs and opportunities for lower income neighbourhoods. A third set of policy instruments aims to reduce negative externalities that are caused by transportation, and encourages more sustainable energy sources, including carbon pricing and renewables. These policies can be implemented at local, national and EU levels. These policies can be implemented at the local, national and EU levels. They can also promote the development of electric vehicles and charging infrastructures and encourage a shift to sustainable transportation. At the local level, this might include implementing measures that aim to encourage the sustainability culture and creating new habits through education, awareness campaigns, and many other initiatives. At the national and EU levels, it can involve leveraging global economic stimuli to encourage consumers to purchase EVs and extending high-speed rail networks, as well as supporting research and development in hydrogen and batteries. EV Adoption The speed at which vehicles move from traditional internal combustion (IC) to electric power is influenced by a variety of factors. One of them is that the economic condition of a country and national policy impact the way EV adoption can grow. Norway and China have been historically the countries that have supported EV production, with strong incentives for consumers. These financial incentives enabled an active EV market to develop which, in turn, helped reduce costs. These countries also have strong policies on energy that promote sustainable energy usage. They also prioritize the building of a vast public charging system to reduce the fear of range for new EV users. This has had a positive impact on overall EV adoption. This is reflected in the vehicle-in use data that indicates that the proportion of the fleet is EV grows faster than new registrations or retirements. Despite these positive developments, EV adoption remains below estimates. The good news is that the anticipated rate of growth will increase due to the current and future technological advancements. This should bring down battery prices even further. As a result, many Considerers and Skeptics are likely to switch to EV ownership earlier than anticipated. The accelerating growth of EV ownership is caused by the fact that more people are using EVs as work transportation vehicles. As a result they can have the chance to assist in shifting fleets of companies towards a more eco-friendly solution. power mobility can help to reduce a company's carbon footprint and contribute to the overall goal of creating a net zero world of mobility. The decision of the government's policymakers to prioritize long-term investment or short-term incentive will ultimately determine the pace at which EVs are replacing traditional vehicles. Regardless of which direction the country decides to take, it's important to keep in mind that, in order for EVs to succeed and be the most sustainable option for environmental sustainability, they need to become more of a part of the fleet. And that's only achievable with the support of all stakeholders including consumers, governments and the entire ecosystem of industry. EV Charging Infrastructure To realize the benefits of electrifying transportation system, EV owners require a reliable charging infrastructure. This includes public EV chargers that can be located at workplaces, multi-unit dwellings, parking garages and other public facilities. It also includes home charging stations that can be put in by EV drivers, as well as on-demand portable chargers that can be used on-the-go to reduce anxiety about distance. This charging infrastructure supports the electrification of transportation and helps to achieve the nation's goals for clean energy. It is being constructed across rural, suburban and urban communities. The Biden Administration is partnering with state and local governments to promote EV adoption by making it easier for them to invest in new charging infrastructure. EV charging is a simple and healthy alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles and trucks. It can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and help in the fight against climate change. Additionally, it can support economic development and create high-paying jobs. But, despite the numerous advantages of an EV however, there are barriers to its wider adoption, including the cost of an EV and the availability of public charging. Giving everyone equal access to EV charging could help overcome these obstacles, ensuring that all residents of the community are able to benefit from the environmental and health advantages of green mobility. This can be accomplished by establishing a public network of charging stations for electric vehicles in the community. In addition, it could be promoted through programs that offer incentives to private companies and organizations to install EV chargers at their premises. This could include tax rebates, financial incentives and other financial benefits. A simpler permitting process can simplify the process for businesses and homeowners alike to set up EV chargers at their premises. In addition, establishing an established set of best practices to design and implement EV charging stations can ensure that they are effective, efficient and easy to use. In the end, using existing technology to improve EV charger efficiency could be a means for communities to promote sustainable EV charging network. This can be done by the integration of EV charging infrastructure with smart city technology that collects and analyzes data to inform smarter energy use decisions. EV Integration Integration of EVs into the grid requires consideration of various stakeholders and systems in urban mobility services. The integration of EVs requires new technologies for managing the flow of energy from EVs into and out of the grid. Additionally, EVs provide opportunities for integration of renewable energy (RE) in the electricity supply system by utilizing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) capabilities. EV owners can arbitrage their energy costs and enter into contracts at reduced prices with energy suppliers. They also can provide backup power during power outages, and reduce the need for grids to rely on traditional energy sources. To promote the adoption of EVs, utilities may offer incentives to consumers to purchase and install EV chargers on their premises. These incentives could be in the form of vouchers, cashbacks or rebates. Utility companies can also implement time-of-use rates in order to encourage EV owners to shift their load from high demand hours. These measures can help to reduce the burden on the electricity grid and reduce CO2 emissions. In order to connect EVs with the grid, it is essential to create charging infrastructure that allows communication between EVs and the power system. This is done by installing smart charging stations as well as EV-to-grid interfaces (G2V) that allow for information exchange between the EV and the charging station. These technologies can improve EV charging speed, monitor EV state of charge (SOC) and provide real-time feedback to drivers. Additionally, a safe and secure EV charging network is essential to ensure the trust of users in the technology. These networks are complicated, and must be designed in a way that is able to tackle cybersecurity threats such as hacking, malware and phishing. These threats can affect the safety and performance both of EVs and the grid. To be able to achieve a fully functional EV integration, all components and actors involved in the process need to be considered. In previous studies on EVs, the focus was on the technical aspects. The business aspect was not taken into consideration. This study utilizes secondary data to investigate the business model for integrating EVs in order to achieve sustainable energy solutions for smart cities.